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Raynham Hall
Raynham Hall is a country house in Norfolk, England. For nearly 400 years it has been the seat of the Townshend family. The hall gave its name to the five estate villages, known as The Raynhams, and is reported to be haunted, providing the scene for possibly the most famous ghost photo of all time, the famous Brown Lady descending the staircase. However, the ghost has been seen infrequently since the photo was taken. Its most famous resident was Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend (1674–1738), leader in the House of Lords.
==Architecture==
Raynham Hall is one of the most splendid of the great houses of Norfolk. After a false start in 1619 and the accumulation on site of a large quantity of Ketton stone in 1621〔Colvin 1999, ''s.v.'' "Arnold, William".〕 it was rebegun in 1622, and by the time of Sir Roger Townshend's death in 1637 it was substantially complete, though apparently some rooms had not been fitted out, for when the architect Sir Roger Pratt saw it a few years after Townshend's death, he recalled later
''Not long after it was built... I was some while in it, while it had no ornament at all... There was somewhat in it divine in the symmetry of proportions of length, height and breadth which was harmonious to the rational soul.''〔R. T. Gunther, ''The Architecture of Sir Roger Pratt'', 1928:133, quoted in Cooper 1999:170: a certain Scott, from London, went down to Raynham in 1661 and billed Horatio, Lord Townshend over £1500 overseeing joiner's, painter's and ornamental plasterer's work, most of it swept away in the 18th century (Colvin 1999, ''s.v.'' "Scott –").〕
Whether or not Raynham Hall was "the first of its kind in England" as the genealogist G. E. Cokayne averred,〔(George Edward Cokayne ''Complete Baronetage''; Volume 1. 1900 )〕 it was certainly "one of the outstanding country houses of the period."〔Nicholas Cooper, ''Houses of the Gentry 1480-1690'' 1999:37.〕 Perhaps because of the three-year grand tour of Europe which Sir Roger had undertaken, accompanied by his mason,〔Summerson ''Architecture in Britain 1530 to 1830'' fourth ed. 1963:93.〕 William Edge of Raynham, whom he paid in 1620 for twenty-eight weeks accompanying him "in England and out of England".〔Howard Colvin, ''Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840'', 3rd ed. ''s.v.'' "Edge, William (''c.''1584-1643)": "Townshend was to a large extent his own architect, and employed Edge as draughtsman as well as master mason."〕 Raynham was built in an entirely new style, abandoning native tradition and following the Italian form and plan. Except for its hipped roof and Dutch gables, Raynham could easily be mistaken for a house built nearly a century later.
Raynham's indications that it may have been influenced by Inigo Jones have superseded earlier optimistic attributions to Jones himself: Sir John Summerson summarized his view of its design, "We do not know who designed it, but may infer that Townshend had the assistance of somebody who had worked in proximity to Inigo Jones, possibly at Newmarket."〔Summerson 1963:93.〕 Nicholas Cooper finds it "a medley of up-to-date elements, largely Jonesian and derived from London and probably also from the Prince's Lodging at Newmarket,"〔Cooper 1999:37.〕 Howard Colvin finds Raynham "a remarkable epitome of motifs that appear in Jones's earlier drawings... an intelligent reflection of his style rather than a personal work."〔Colvin 1999, ''s.v.'' "Jones, Inigo".〕
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